Maturation of permanent teeth in different facial types: A comparative study.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of dental maturation help in diagnosis, treatment planning, and timing in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Aim and Objective: The present study is undertaken to compare and correlate chronological age and dental age of patients with average, vertical, and horizontal facial types, and to find out any sex difference in dental age in different growth patterns and to evaluated the reliability of Willem's method in Indian population. Materials and Methods: Subjects in the age group of 8-10 years were screened from Out Patients Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics and from the various school of the City, were subjected to cephalometric radiography and orthopentomograms. Angular and linear measurements used included;-SN Go-Gn angle, J.R. (Jarabak ratio) and LAFH (lower anterior facial height), to group total sample of 150 children. Group 1 (average grower), Group 2 (vertical grower), and Group 3 (horizontal grower). Then dental age for each child in different group was calculated from OPG of each subject and compared with chronological age using Student t-test. Results: The results suggest a difference in dental age in subject with vertical and horizontal growers. Vertical grower showed earlier maturation compared to horizontal growth patterns. There was insignificant difference present when vertical grower and horizontal grower were compared with average growth pattern. Insignificant difference was found in dental age between males and females when compared to same growth pattern. Conclusion: Subjects with vertical growth pattern matured early than having the horizontal growth pattern in the same chronological age.

Photographic appraisal of crystal lattice growth technique.

Concept of creating mechanical retention for bonding through crystal growth has been successfully achieved in the present study. By using polyacrylic acid, sulphated with sulphuric acid as etchant, abundant crystal growth was demonstrated. Keeping in view the obvious benefits of crystal growth technique, the present SEM study was aimed to observe and compare the changes brought about by different etching agents (phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylic acid sulphated) and to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages in an attempt to reduce iatrogenic trauma caused due to surface enamel alteration. Control and experimental groups were made of 24 and 30 premolars, respectively, for scanning electron microscopic appraisal of normal unetched and etched enamel surface and fracture site and finished surface evaluation. When compared with conventional phosphoric acid and weaker polyacrylic acid, investigations indicated that crystal growth treatment on enamel surface caused minimal iatrogenic trauma and surface alteration were restored to the original untreated condition to a large extent.

Linear assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship.

Three Linear methods of establishing the sagittal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular apical bases were compared using Lateral skull radiographs of thirty individuals having Class II div. 1 malocclusion. Statistical evaluation was done for wit appraisal, AD' distance, and Wylie analysis. The A-D' distance is recommended for use during sagittal apical base relationship.

Maxillo- mandibular relationship--a cephalometric study.

An accurate assessment of apical base relationships using cephalometrics has been a perennial problem in orthodontics. The currently available literature suggests that reference points and planes are subject to change with treatment. Hence, an assessment of sagittal jaw relationship was done using five angular measurements and an attempt was made to determine the one which is statistically more accurate.

Cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusions in transitional dentition.

Studying malocclusion during active growth period is important because this period has the maximum impact on dentofacial structures. The present study comprises of computerised cephalometric evaluation of 100 North Indian children in the age group of 9-12 years, with 50 children in normal occlusion group. The samples were segregated according to sex with 25 females and 25 males in each group. It was concluded from the study that changes or deviations in SNB, Saddle, Articular and Gonial angles are the potential indicative factors in the development of a class II malocclusion and that class II pattern is associated with short and posteriorly placed mandible in relation to the cranial base.

Age prediction based on skeletal morphology.

Treatment plan for a child requires a complete diagnosis with monitoring of the skeleto-dental morphological changes during active period of growth. Growth modifications are done while the forces of growth are still at the peak of activity in a developing child. This study was undertaken on lateral cephalograms of 100 North Indian samples in the age group of 9-12 years consisting of 50 males and 50 females divided into normal occlusion and malocclusion groups, to predict and assess age by evaluating the skeleto-dental morphology in developing normal children having flush terminal plane molar relationship and children with developing class II pattern. It was concluded that based on measurements used in the study of dentofacial morphology, the age of a child could be statistically determined.